世界の名蝶シリーズ No.3 南米の白い妖精シロモルフォ / White Morpho (Morpho epistrophus) [世界の蝶 / Butterflies World]
▲棲息地の風景
世界の名蝶シリーズその３ 南米の白い妖精シロモルフォ(Morpho epistrophus)
まずは上記の画像を見ていただきたい。何となく信州あたりの亜高山帯のカラマツ林のように見えるのは私だけだろうか。実はここは日本から遠く離れた南米のウルグアイの森なのだ。「ウルグアイ」と聞いても、すぐに場所がピンと来る人は多くないだろう。
▲ウルグアイ位置図（after Wikipedia）
ウルグアイの位置は南米大陸の東に位置する。国土のほとんどは草原地帯で、川沿いにある程度林が残っているだけだという。気候区は温帯で、林は熱帯林でなく、むしろ日本の林に似た感じということで、私が八ヶ岳のカラマツ林と間違えたのも頷ける。アルゼンチンの首都・ブエノスアイレスは、緯度的に東京と大体同じであるが、画像に示したウルグアイの森は九州あたりと同じ緯度だという。
こんな地球の裏側まで、いったい何を探しに行ったのかというとシロモルフォ(Morpho epistrophus)である。
▲シロモルフォ♂（左）♀（右）（ウルグアイ産）
探しに行ったのは当会会誌Butterflies (Teinopalpus) No.47でウルグアイの採集記を書いていただいた、恐らく日本最強の採集家の一人、上原二郎氏（当会理事）である。上原氏は今年1月にウルグアイを訪問、前回の訪問時には得られなかったシロモルフォを落として凱旋帰国された。
上原氏の観察によれば、シロモルフォの生態は下記の通りである。
シロモルフォは、前回（2005年12月30日～2006年1月1日）行ったときには、全く見ませんでした。Lepidoptera del Uruguayと言う本で、1～2月にPaysanduに産すると言う記述があ り、前回行った中で目星をつけたところに行ったところ多産してました。2012年1月28日です。昼の時間帯、11時～15時の間で採集しましたが、ずっと飛んでいました。林の中を2～3ｍの高さでフラフラ飛ぶので、採集は容易です。遠くで飛んでいても直ぐに分かります。飛んでいるのを見つけて、追いかけて採るといった具合です。♂の完品率は30％程度で、最盛期をやや過ぎた感じでした。1月中旬当たりから出ているのではないでしょうか。年1化で、この時期だけです。トラップを使わなくて簡単に採れたのですが、採集の終わり頃に、トラップ（厚紙にアルミホイールを貼ったもの）を試してみました。これには、もの凄く敏感で、本当に直線的に来ました。
大型で透き通るような青白い翅、フワフワと飛ぶ姿は白い妖精のように見えると思う。いつの日か、ウルグアイの森でシロモルフォを動画で撮影してみたいものだ。
▲Habitat
World's Famous Butterflies File 3: White Morpho (Morpho epistrophus)
Look at the above picture. The author of this blog thought it must be the sub-alpine forest in central Japan. In fact, this forest is in Uruguay, south America.
▲Location of Uruguay (after Wikipedia)
Uruguay is located in eastern part of the South American Continent. Most of the country is grassland, forests remain only along the river. The climate is classified as the part of the temperate zone, thus forests seem like not the tropical rainforest but the forest in Japan.
How come a Japanese butterfly enthusiast went all the way to the another side of the earth? The reason is to see White Morpho (Morpho epistrophus).
▲Morpho epistrophus Left; male, Right; female (Uruguay)
The person who visited Uruguay is Mr. UEHARA Jiro, the trustee of our society. He has published the paper of the collecting trip to Uruguay in our journal Butterflies (Teinopalpus) No.47. He visited Uruguay again last January and succeeded in collecting Morpho epistrophus.
His observation on this species is as follows;
I did not see Morpho epistrophus at all during the last visit to Uruguay (Dec./30/2005 to Jan./1/2006). I checked the book named "Lepidoptera del Uruguay" and knew that this species is found in Paysandu between January and February. So I visited the place where I had spotted last time. Fortunately I was able to see many adult butterflies of Morpho epistrophus in January 28, 2012. This species flies chiefly in daytime, namely from 11 a.m. to 15 p.m. The flight is rather slow in forest at the height of 2-3 meter from the ground, so it is quite easy to collect. Most males were already worn. It seemed that they have appeared from early January. This species is single-brood, only seen in this season. Males were attracted by the trap made from tin foils.
By its large-sized wings in transparent bluish white, this species must be floating like "White Nymph" in the forest. The author of this blog eagerly wants to film this species in the near future.
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